Ceramic Engineering
The Ceramic Engineering program is offered under the Department of Materials Science and Engineering.
The term 'ceramic' refers to the broad class of materials comprising inorganic, non-metallic solids. Ceramic materials display diverse properties critical to many technologies, including electronic and optical assemblies, aerospace and propulsion systems, biomedical devices, nuclear components, energy storage and conversion, armor systems, and high-temperature/corrosion-resistant industrial applications.
Ceramic engineering appeals to those who have a strong interest in finding practical applications of the basic sciences, especially chemistry and physics -- if you are interested in understanding why advanced materials behave in the ways they do, then ceramic engineering will definitely interest you.
Ceramic engineering students learn the relationships between engineering properties and the chemistry and structure of ceramic materials and go on to apply these scientific principles to the design of new formulations and manufacturing processes. Design occurs at the atomic or microstructural level of solid materials. The Missouri S&T ceramic engineering program specializes in glass and optical materials, electronic materials, and high temperature materials, but the same scientific and engineering principles that are learned can be applied to the design of new materials for other applications, including biomaterials, materials for energy generation, etc.
The curriculum exposes students to the breadth of ceramic engineering and allows them to pursue electives in several areas or to emphasize a specialty. Emphasis areas in the ceramic engineering program are available in biomaterials, computational materials science and engineering, energy materials, functional materials, materials for extreme environments, and materials characterization and analysis.
- Biomaterials: Courses focus on the engineering and design of materials intended for biomedical devices and tissue-integrated systems. Students investigate the biological compatibility of materials used in advanced healthcare applications.
- Computational Materials Science and Engineering: Courses explore the applications of artificial intelligence, mathematical modeling, and physics-based simulation to study materials and processes, and to discover new materials.
- Energy Materials: Courses emphasize the role of ceramics as integral components in energy storage (batteries, capacitors, hydrogen storage, etc.) and energy conversion (fuel cell, photovoltaic cells, thermoelectric generators, etc.) technologies.
- Functional Materials: Courses explore the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of materials and their technological applications for sensors, actuators, and advanced electronic or optical devices.
- Materials for Extreme Environments: Courses examine how materials perform under high temperature, radiation, and corrosive environments. Emphasis is placed on material selection and failure analysis to ensure reliability in aerospace, nuclear, and harsh industrial applications.
- Materials Characterization and Analysis: Students utilize advanced diagnostic tools, including electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and spectroscopy, to probe material structures. The area incorporates analytical and inorganic chemistry techniques to evaluate the chemical composition and properties of solids.
Most ceramic engineering classes and laboratories are held in McNutt Hall, but other research laboratories on campus are available to our students. Equipment exists for X-ray investigation of materials, for detection of thermally induced changes in chemistry and structure, for high temperature processing, and for measuring a wide variety of electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties. The Graduate Center for Materials Research makes additional state-of-the-art equipment available to ceramic engineering students, including electron microscopes, optical, infrared, and X-ray spectrometers, thermal analyzers, and high temperature/controlled atmosphere furnaces. Students may broaden their experience by assisting faculty in research projects, either for academic credit or for pay.
Undergraduate student organizations are very active and participation in local and national activities is encouraged. Cooperative education and internships are available with companies and research agencies around the country. Additional information about the department is available at http://mse.mst.edu/.
Mission Statement
The department will train the future industrial and academic leaders in ceramic engineering by providing a comprehensive, forward-looking and broad-based curriculum, which emphasizes fundamental principles, practical applications, oral and written communication skills, and professional practice and ethics. The department is distinguished by a nationally recognized graduate program that emphasizes research of significance to the state of Missouri and the nation while providing a stimulating educational environment.
The program educational objectives of the ceramic engineering program:
- Our graduates will be valued contributors in the science, technology, and management of ceramic engineering
- Our graduates will serve their profession and society
- Our graduates will continually enhance their professional skills and educational background
- Our graduates will promote a diverse and inclusive professional culture that nurtures learning, innovation, and growth
The specific outcomes of the ceramic engineering program are:
- An ability to identify, formulate, and solve complex engineering problems by applying principles of engineering, science, and mathematics
- An ability to apply engineering design to produce solutions that meet specified needs with consideration of public health, safety, and welfare, as well as global, cultural, social, environmental, and economic factors
- An ability to communicate effectively with a range of audiences
- An ability to recognize ethical and professional responsibilities in engineering situations and make informed judgments, which must consider the impact of engineering solutions in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts
- An ability to function effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives
- An ability to develop and conduct appropriate experimentation, analyze and interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions
- An ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learning strategies
Bachelor of Science
Ceramic Engineering
For the Bachelor of Science degree in Ceramic Engineering a minimum of 128 credit hours is required. A cumulative grade point average of at least 2.0 is required for all courses applied toward the degree, as well as for all required courses in the major field of study.
| Freshman Year | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| First Semester | Credits | Second Semester | Credits |
| CHEM 13101 | 4 | CHEM 13201 | 3 |
| CHEM 1319 | 1 | MATH 12151 | 4 |
| ENGLISH 1120 | 3 | MECH ENG 1720 | 3 |
| FR ENG 1100 | 1 | PHYSICS 11351 | 4 |
| HISTORY 1200, or 1300, or 1310, or POL SCI 1200 | 3 | Programming Elective1,2 | 3 |
| MATH 1214 or 12111 | 4 | ||
| 16 | 17 | ||
| Sophomore Year | |||
| First Semester | Credits | Second Semester | Credits |
| CER ENG 2010 | 0.5 | CER ENG 2120 | 3 |
| CER ENG 21101 | 3 | CER ENG 23251 | 2 |
| CER ENG 23151 | 2 | CIV ENG 22001 | 3 |
| CER ENG 32301 | 3 | ENGLISH 1160, or 3560, or SPM S 11855 | 3 |
| MATH 2222 | 4 | General Education Elective3 | 3 |
| PHYSICS 21351 | 4 | STAT 3113 or 3117 | 3 |
| 16.5 | 17 | ||
| Junior Year | |||
| First Semester | Credits | Second Semester | Credits |
| CER ENG 3010 | 0.5 | CER ENG 3410 | 3 |
| CER ENG 3210 | 3 | CER ENG 3425 | 2 |
| CER ENG 32201 | 3 | CER ENG 4310 | 3 |
| CER ENG 33151 | 2 | General Education Elective3 | 3 |
| CIV ENG 22101 | 3 | PHYSICS 23051 | 3 |
| MATH 33041 | 3 | Technical Elective4 | 3 |
| 14.5 | 17 | ||
| Senior Year | |||
| First Semester | Credits | Second Semester | Credits |
| CER ENG 40961 | 3 | CER ENG 4097 | 3 |
| CER ENG 4250 | 3 | CER ENG 4220 | 3 |
| CER ENG 4410 | 3 | CER ENG 4240 | 3 |
| General Education Elective3 | 3 | General Education Elective3 | 3 |
| Technical Elective4 | 3 | Technical Elective4 | 3 |
| 15 | 15 | ||
| Total Credits: 128 | |||
- 1
A grade of “C” or better is required in the following courses to satisfy prerequisite requirements for subsequent coursework and to meet graduation criteria: CER ENG 2110, CER ENG 2315, CER ENG 2325, CER ENG 3220, CER ENG 3230, CER ENG 3315, CER ENG 4096, CHEM 1310, CHEM 1320, CIV ENG 2200, CIV ENG 2210, MATH 1214, MATH 1215, MATH 3304, PHYSICS 1135, PHYSICS 2135, PHYSICS 2305, and in both COMP SCI 1972 and COMP SCI 1982 or COMP SCI 1973 and COMP SCI 1983.
- 2
Both COMP SCI 1972 and COMP SCI 1982, or both COMP SCI 1973 and COMP SCI 1983.
- 3
Gen. Ed. electives must fulfill the Missouri S&T general education requirements applicable to the student's catalog year.
- 4
Students may choose to obtain a Ceramic Engineering degree with or without a declared emphasis area. A major change request form is required to add an emphasis area option to the degree program. For students who seek a Ceramic Engineering degree without a formal emphasis, these emphasis areas may guide the choice of their Technical Electives. Technical Electives must be selected from upper-level (i.e., 2000-level with pre-requisite or 3000-level and above) courses with advisor approval in any of the following disciplines: MATH, STAT, PHYS, CHEM, BIO SCI, GEOLOGY, COMP SCI, IS&T, ENG MGT, or any engineering program. Courses designated BUS, ECON, EDUC, ERP, MIL SCI, or any Humanities or Social Sciences program do not satisfy Technical Electives requirements.
- 5
Students may replace SP&M S 1185 with the ROTC sequence of MIL ARMY 4250 and MIL ARMY 4500 or MIL AIR 4110 andMIL AIR 4120.
Emphasis Areas
Requires 9 or more credit hours from approved course lists. Up to 3 credit hours of Cer Eng 4099-Research permitted with department approval.
Biomaterials
| BME 4100 | Biomedical Polymers and Metals | 3 |
| BME 5200 | Materials as Hard Tissue Devices | 3 |
| CER ENG 3110 | Introduction to Biomedical Engineering | 3 |
| MS&E 5210 | Tissue Engineering | 3 |
| MS&E 5310 | Biomaterials I | 3 |
Computational Materials Science and Engineering
| CHEM 5001 | Special Topics (Practical Computational Modeling for Chemistry and Materials Science) | 3 |
| MECH ENG 5212 | Introduction to Finite Element Analysis | 3 |
| MS&E 5001 | Special Topics (Applied Artificial Intelligence for Materials Engineering) | 3 |
| PHYSICS 5409 | Computational Physics Laboratory | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 4100 | Semiconductor Device Simulation | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 4200 | Semiconductor Process Simulation | 3 |
Energy Materials
| CIV ENG 5642 | Sustainability, Population, Energy, Water, and Materials | 3 |
| ENG MGT 5513 | Energy and Sustainability Management Engineering | 3 |
| GEO ENG 5556 | Renewable Energy Systems | 3 |
| MECH ENG 5537 | Fuel Cell Principles | 3 |
| MECH ENG 5541 | Applied Energy Conversion | 3 |
| MIN ENG 4524 | Energy Economics | 3 |
| MS&E 5230 | Energy Materials | 3 |
Functional Materials
| CER ENG 5420 | Optical Properties Of Materials | 3 |
| PHYSICS 4323 | Elementary Solid State Physics | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 2100 | Fundamentals of Semiconductor Materials | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 3100 | Semiconductor Materials Processing | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 3101 | Semiconductor Materials Processing Laboratory | 3 |
| SEMI ENG 4101 | Semiconductor Device Fabrication and Testing Laboratory | 3 |
Materials Characterization and Analysis
| CER ENG 5115 | X-Ray Diffraction Analysis | 3 |
| CHEM 2510 | Analytical Chemistry I | 4 |
| CHEM 3310 | Inorganic Chemistry I | 3 |
| CHEM 3329 | Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory | 1 |
| CHEM 3510 | Analytical Chemistry II | 4 |
| MET ENG 5520 | Electron Microscopy | 3 |
Materials for Extreme Environments
| CER ENG 5250 | Refractories | 3 |
| MET ENG 4637 | Material Selection, Fabrication, And Failure | 3 |
| MET ENG 5170 | Nuclear Materials I | 3 |
| MET ENG 5310 | Corrosion and Its Prevention | 3 |
| MS&E 5330 | Composite Materials Science and Engineering | 3 |
CER ENG 2002 Cooperative Training (IND 1.0-3.0)
On-the-job experience gained through cooperative education with industry, with credit arranged through departmental cooperative advisor. Grade received depends on quality of reports submitted at work supervisor's evaluation.
CER ENG 2010 Seminar (RSD 0.50)
An introduction to the study of ceramic engineering at Missouri S&T. Students will become acquainted with faculty, facilities, student and professional organizations, and available resources for personal and professional development.
CER ENG 2110 Atomic Structure Of Crystalline Ceramics (LEC 3.0)
The crystal-chemical principles used to design and manufacture materials with specified properties are developed and applied to oxides, clays, silicates and other nonmetallic compounds.
CER ENG 2120 Introduction To Glass Science And Technology (LEC 3.0)
A study of the atomic-level structure of oxide glasses and the relationships between composition, properties and structure of glass-forming systems. Simple rate processes will be introduced to explain temperature-dependent properties. Prerequisite: "C" or better grade in Cer Eng 2110.
CER ENG 2210 Ceramics In The Modern World (LEC 2.0)
An introduction to traditional and modern applications of ceramics providing a broad overview of all aspects of current ceramic technology.
CER ENG 2315 Ceramic Materials Laboratory I-Characterization Of Materials (LAB 2.0)
Laboratory experience in collection, beneficiation, and characterization of ceramic raw materials; granulation, compaction, and sintering of particulate materials; and characterization at an introductory level. Standard laboratory practice including safety, report writing, and error analysis are also emphasized. Prerequisite: Sophomore standing.
CER ENG 2325 Ceramic Materials Laboratory II Glass And Ceramic Processing (LAB 2.0)
Laboratory experience in design, processing, and characterization of glasses and ceramics. Glasses are formulated, melted and characterized to correlate composition and properties. Clay-based ceramics are formulated to meet performance specifications, prepared by slip casting/extrusion, and fired. Prerequisite: "C" or better grade in Cer Eng 2315.
CER ENG 3001 Special Topics (LAB 0.0 and LEC 0.0)
This course is designed to give the department an opportunity to test a new course. Variable Title.
CER ENG 3010 Seminar (RSD 0.50)
A professional development seminar for junior-level ceramic engineering students. Prerequisites: Cer Eng 2010 or consent of instructor.
CER ENG 3110 Introduction to Biomedical Engineering (LEC 3.0)
This course will provide an introduction to the interdisciplinary field of biomedical engineering. The molecular, cellular, physiological and engineering principles that govern the field will be covered. Applications will include biomaterials, tissue engineering, biomechanics, bioimaging, bioinstrumentation, bio-nanotechnology and artificial organs. Prerequisite: Junior standing or above. (Co-listed with Bio Sci 3110 and Chem Eng 3210).
CER ENG 3210 Thermal Processes In Ceramics (LEC 3.0)
Considerations in rate controlled processes in the fabrication of ceramics, packing of powders, comminution and calcination, drying and firing of ceramic ware, polymorphic transformations, sintering, grain growth and hot pressing, relationships of fabrication techniques to physical properties.
CER ENG 3220 Phase Equilibria (LEC 3.0)
The study of unary, binary and ternary inorganic, phase equilibrium systems with examples for solving practical engineering problems. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 3230.
CER ENG 3230 Thermodynamics of Materials (LEC 3.0)
Basic thermodynamic concepts are applied to materials. Calculations involving enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs' free energy are studied. Inter-relationships among properties are emphasized. Fundamental concepts of phase equilibria are presented. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in either Met Eng 1210 or Chem 1320. (Co-listed with Met Eng 3230 and Semi Eng 3230).
CER ENG 3240 Applied Glass Forming (LAB 1.0 and LEC 1.0)
Examines the properties and behavior of molten glass along with basic forming techniques, including off-hand shaping, molding and casting. Prerequisites: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 2210.
CER ENG 3315 Ceramic Processing Lab I (LAB 2.0)
The first half of a two-semester sequence that gives students practical knowledge of the methods and techniques used in the fabrication of ceramics. Prerequisite: "C" or better grade in Cer Eng 2325.
CER ENG 3325 Ceramic Processing Lab II (LAB 2.0)
The second half of a two-semester sequence that gives students practical knowledge of the methods and techniques used in the fabrication of ceramics. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 2325.
CER ENG 3410 Characterization Of Inorganic Solids (LEC 3.0)
X-ray diffraction analysis is emphasized including lattice parameter determination, qualitative and quantitative analysis methods, and sources of error. In addition, the basic principles of other common characterization techniques including electron microscopy, thermal analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy are discussed. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 2110, Met Eng 2110, Semi Eng 2100 or a similar introductory course on structure of solids. (Co-listed with Semi Eng 3410).
CER ENG 3425 Ceramic Properties Laboratory (LAB 1.0 and LEC 1.0)
Laboratory measurement and analysis of fundamental ceramic properties through use of standard test methods. Prerequisites: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 3315.
CER ENG 4000 Special Problems (IND 0.0-6.0)
Problems or readings on specific subjects or projects in the department. Consent of instructor required.
CER ENG 4001 Special Topics (LAB 0.0 and LEC 0.0)
This course is designed to give the department an opportunity to test a new course. Variable title.
CER ENG 4096 Materials Senior Design I (LEC 3.0)
Overview of the methods, approaches, and techniques required to execute materials related capstone senior design projects. Formation of teams, assignment of projects, review of department curriculum concepts and topics, and comprehensive project management skills needed to complete projects will be used as means to learn the design process. Prerequisites: A grade of "C" or better in Met Eng 3125 and Met Eng 2125, or Cer Eng 3315 or Semi Eng 3101. (Co-listed with Met Eng 4096 and Semi Eng 4096).
CER ENG 4097 Materials Senior Design II (LAB 3.0)
A continuation of the Materials Senior Design I. Students working in groups will complete a capstone design project including process and product simulation and/or fabrication, safety aspects, environmental impact and capital and operating economics. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in either Cer Eng 4096 or Met Eng 4096 or Semi Eng 4096. (Co-listed with Met Eng 4097 and Semi Eng 4097).
CER ENG 4099 Undergraduate Research (IND 0.0-6.0)
Designed for the undergraduate student who wishes to engage in research. Not for graduate credit. Not more than six (6) credit hours allowed for graduation credit. Subject and credit to be arranged with the instructor.
CER ENG 4220 Mechanical Properties Of Ceramics (LEC 3.0)
This course will treat the theory and testing practice related to design based on the mechanical properties of ceramics. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in Civ Eng 2210.
CER ENG 4230 Introduction to Composite Materials (LEC 3.0)
The objective of this course is to provide students a foundational understanding of process-structure-property relationships in composite materials. Topics will include composite architecture, constituents, and interfaces, fabrication techniques, introduction to macromechanical analytical treatments such as classical lamination theory, and design criteria. Prerequisites: Senior standing and a grade of "C" or better in Civ Eng 2210 or equivalent.
CER ENG 4240 Electrical Properties Of Ceramics (LEC 3.0)
The application of ceramic chemistry and physics to the development and evaluation of electronic, dielectric, magnetic, and optical properties. Emphasis is placed on the relationships between properties and crystal structure, defects, grain boundary nature, and microstructure. Prerequisite: "C" or better in Physics 2305.
CER ENG 4250 Thermal Properties Of Ceramics (LEC 3.0)
This course will teach the crystal physics underlying heat capacity, internal energy, phonon and photon conduction, and thermal expansion. These properties will be used to rationalize the behavior of a wide variety of ceramic materials in severe thermal environments. Prerequisite: A grade of "C" or better in Cer Eng 3220.
CER ENG 4310 Ceramic Processing (LEC 3.0)
Rudimentary theory and practice of powder production, ceramic suspension rheology, forming methods, drying, sintering and grain growth. Relation of processing steps to densification and microstructure development. Prerequisite: Cer Eng 3210 and Junior standing.
CER ENG 4410 Introduction to Integrated Computational Materials Engineering (LAB 1.0 and LEC 2.0)
This course will provide an introduction to different computational tools for studying materials at different length scales. Several atomistic, microscale, and continuum models will be introduced and bridging between different modeling scales will be discussed. This course has a computational laboratory to build models and run simulations. Prerequisites: A grade of "C" or better in both Cer Eng 3230 and Math 3304, and in either Cer Eng 2110 or Met Eng 2110.
CER ENG 5000 Special Problems (IND 0.0-6.0)
Problems or readings on specific subjects or projects in the department. Consent of instructor required.
CER ENG 5001 Special Topics (LEC 0.0-6.0)
This course is designed to give the department an opportunity to test a new course. Variable title.
CER ENG 5002 Cooperative Training (IND 1.0-3.0)
On-the-job experience gained through cooperative education with industry, with credit arranged through departmental cooperative advisor. Grade received depends on quality of reports submitted at work supervisor's evaluation.
CER ENG 5040 Oral Examination (IND 0.0)
After completion of all other program requirements, oral examinations for on-campus M.S./Ph.D. students may be processed during intersession. Off-campus M.S. students must be enrolled in oral examination and must have paid an oral examination fee at the time of the defense/comprehensive examination (oral/ written). All other students must enroll for credit commensurate with uses made of facilities and/or faculties. In no case shall this be for less than three (3) semester hours for resident students.
CER ENG 5099 Research (IND 0.0-15)
Investigations of an advanced nature leading to the preparation of a thesis or dissertation. Consent of instructor required.
CER ENG 5115 X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (LAB 1.0 and LEC 2.0)
Theory and practical aspects of x-ray diffraction analysis are covered including diffraction theory, qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques, electronic databases, and operation of modern powder diffractometers. Prerequisite: Preceded or accompanied by Cer Eng 3410.
CER ENG 5230 Glass Science And Engineering (LEC 3.0)
The development, manufacturing methods, applications, and properties of flat, fiber, container, chemical, and special purpose glasses. Composition/property relationships for glasses and nucleation-crystallization processes for glass-ceramics are also covered. Prerequisite: Senior or graduate standing.
CER ENG 5250 Refractories (LEC 3.0)
The manufacture, properties, uses, performance, and testing of basic, neutral and acid refractories. Prerequisite: Cer Eng 3230.
CER ENG 5310 Advanced Ceramic Processing (LEC 3.0)
Materials, processing and design of microelectronic ceramics are covered. Introduction to devices, triaxial ceramics, high aluminas, tape fabrication, metallizations, thick film processing and glass-to-metal seals. Prerequisites: Cer Eng 3210 and Cer Eng 3325.
CER ENG 5420 Optical Properties Of Materials (LEC 3.0)
The objective of this course is to give the student a fundamental understanding of the structure-optical property relationships exhibited by isotropic and anisotropic materials. Topics will include the wave/particle nature of light, how light interacts with materials, color, and applications such as lasers, fiber optic communication systems, electro-optics, and integrated optics. Prerequisites: Physics 2135 or Physics 2111 and Math 2222.
CER ENG 5810 Principles Of Engineering Materials (LEC 3.0)
Examination of engineering materials with emphasis on selection and application of materials in industry. Particular attention is given to properties and applications of materials in extreme temperature and chemical environments. A discipline specific design project is required. (Not a technical elective for undergraduate metallurgy or ceramic majors) (Co-listed with Aero Eng 3877, Chem Eng 5300, Physics 4523, Met Eng 5810).
Richard K Brow, Curators Distinguished Professor
PHD Pennsylvania State University
Anthony Convertine, Roberta and G. Robert Couch Assistant Professor
PHD University of Southern Mississippi
Fatih Dogan, Professor
PHD Technical University of Berlin
Arezoo Emdadi, Assistant Professor
PHD Missouri University of Science and Technology
William G Fahrenholtz, Curators Distinguished Professor
PHD University of New Mexico
Taihao Han, Assistant Research Professor
PHD Missouri University of Science and Technology
Gregory E Hilmas, Curators Distinguished Professor
PHD University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
Aditya Kumar, Associate Professor
PHD Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)
David Lipke, Associate Professor
PHD Georgia Institute of Technology
Charmayne Lonergan, Roberta and G. Robert Couch Assistant Professor
PHD Missouri University of Science and Technology
Jason Lonergan, Assistant Research Professor
PHD Missouri University of Science and Technology
Jeffrey D Smith, Professor
PHD University of Missouri-Rolla
Jeremy Lee Watts, Associate Research Professor
PHD Missouri S&T
Kelley Wilkerson, Associate Teaching Professor
PHD Missouri University of Science and Technology
Superscripts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 in the faculty listing refer to the following common footnotes:
1 Registered Professional Engineer
2 Registered Geologist
3 Certified Health Physicist
4 Registered Architect
5 Board Certified, American Academy of Environmental Engineers
6 LEED AP Certified